Value-at-risk
5 posts
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Dear All,
I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know the package that is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that is variance covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical simulation. Regards Em [[alternative HTML version deleted]] _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
705 posts
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On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 12:38 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote:
> Dear All, > I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know the package that > is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that is variance > covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical simulation. > Regards > Em The Gaussian and Historical methods are available in PerformanceAnalytics. You can easily use the Monte Carlo method of your choice to create a longer sample, and then use PerformanceAnalytics to calculate the VaR. There are also several bootstrap Monte Carlo methods in PerformanceAnalytics that have been contributed by Eric Zivot, but which we have not yet documented and exposed. Regards, - Brian -- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
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705 posts
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There is over 100 pages of documentation available with
PerformanceAnalytics. I suggest you start with install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics") #you only need to do the install the first time require(PerformanceAnalytics) ?VaR from the R prompt. See the examples at the bottom of the VaR documentation. Hopefully that will get you started. If you have trouble, you may email the R-SIG-Finance list or me with an example of what you're trying to do. Ideally, start with some publicly available data (use the edhec or managers data in Performanceanalytics, or use getSymbols to pull stock data from Yahoo or Google) so that others can replicate what you're trying to do and help you with code rather than vague suggestions. Regards, - Brian On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 13:47 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > Dear Brian, > Thanks for the mail, I have now located the PerformanceAnalytics. > Could you please elaborate on it how I could use this package, the > fact is that I am new to R, how i would like compute value at risk > for prices and volumes. If I can get a sample scripts with explanation > that would be very helpful to me to enable me build my own scripts. > Regards > Emma > > On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 1:21 PM, Brian G. Peterson > <[hidden email]> wrote: > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 12:38 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > Dear All, > > I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know > the package that > > is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that > is variance > > covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical > simulation. > > Regards > > Em > > > The Gaussian and Historical methods are available in > PerformanceAnalytics. > > You can easily use the Monte Carlo method of your choice to > create a > longer sample, and then use PerformanceAnalytics to calculate > the VaR. > > There are also several bootstrap Monte Carlo methods in > PerformanceAnalytics that have been contributed by Eric Zivot, > but which > we have not yet documented and exposed. > > Regards, > > - Brian > > -- > Brian G. Peterson > http://braverock.com/brian/ > Ph: 773-459-4973 > IM: bgpbraverock > >
... [show rest of quote]
-- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
184 posts
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Hi,
After Emmanuel's post in R-finance and the reply from Brian, I spent few times on the VaR() function and on the underlying theory. Just to admit that, this is great. However, I don't think I could understand the theory of component VaR calculation, although it seems the coding within the VaR() function for the same is completely okay. My problem is, how should I interpret component VaR? Having searched over net and after going through few materials, I understand that, I can read CVaR as the change of PVaR if underlying asset is removed from the portfolio. Here my problem of interpretation starts from! Please consider following hypothetical return (a zoo object, as needed for VaR()) > Ret Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 2010-04-15 -0.0009783093 0.000000000 -0.003752350 -0.0006021985 -0.012384059 -0.012539349 -0.034979719 2010-04-16 -0.0004805344 0.003863495 0.003752350 0.0009617784 0.003110422 0.003149609 0.003231021 2010-04-19 -0.0273642188 -0.010336009 -0.003752350 -0.0104916573 -0.009360443 -0.009478744 -0.006472515 2010-04-20 0.0154788565 -0.002600782 -0.007547206 -0.0036357217 -0.006289329 -0.006369448 0.006472515 2010-04-21 -0.0094613433 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.0005484261 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 2010-04-22 0.0062536421 0.000000000 0.003780723 -0.0001143766 0.009419222 0.009539023 0.006430890 2010-04-23 0.0237922090 0.015504187 0.007518832 0.0097156191 0.006230550 0.006309169 0.000000000 2010-04-26 0.0133441736 0.012739026 0.003738322 0.0049317586 0.018462063 0.018692133 0.012739026 2010-04-28 -0.0105522323 0.000000000 0.000000000 -0.0037038049 -0.006116227 -0.006191970 0.000000000 2010-04-29 0.0030733546 -0.006349228 -0.011215071 -0.0071195792 -0.003072199 -0.003110422 0.000000000 I have a long-short portfolio, I want to estimate component VaR for the 2nd asset, using VaR() function: > WtVector <- c( -49895159, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, -161147892, 13652772) > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = WtVector) $VaR [,1] [1,] 5434285 $contribution Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 -316156.24 5211014.96 266249.91 -50021.42 260904.17 149986.52 -87692.49 $pct_contrib_VaR Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 -0.058178070 0.958914480 0.048994465 -0.009204784 0.048010759 0.027600044 -0.016136894 This says (if my interpretation is correct) that if I remove my 1st asset then, portfolio VaR will increase by -316156.24 (negative sign tells to have hedging effect) So I recalculate the portfolio VaR without having 1st asset: > WtVector <- c( 0, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, -161147892, 13652772) > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = WtVector) $VaR [,1] [1,] 5849476 $contribution Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 0.00 5987199.26 274456.46 -55685.39 -185776.60 -106798.21 -63919.72 $pct_contrib_VaR Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 0.000000000 1.023544581 0.046919839 -0.009519723 -0.031759529 -0.018257741 -0.010927428 I am just surprised to see that, my portfolio VaR indeed ***increased!!!*** I have found that, this kind of discrepancy comes as possible non-linear relationship between VaR and it's constituent assets. It happens that x-y plot for VaR and weight for the 1st asset is highly non-linear. sign of the Slope changes if I move from current point (resemble to weight for 1st asset) to origin (i.e. no 1st asset in the portfolio.) So My question is, how can I trust on the sign (at least) of component VaR. Isn't it is giving completely misleading figure? How risk managers handle these issue? Does the solution like: 1. I should include higher term of the Taylor's expansion of the portfolio VaR function 2. Do not simply trust those component VaR figures. I should completely re-estimate my VaR number with and without having underlying asset. Any thoughtful point(s) will be highly appreciated. Thanks and regards, -----Original Message----- From: [hidden email] [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Brian G. Peterson Sent: 12 May 2011 17:28 To: Emmanuel Senyo Cc: [hidden email] Subject: Re: [R-SIG-Finance] Value-at-risk There is over 100 pages of documentation available with PerformanceAnalytics. I suggest you start with install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics") #you only need to do the install the first time require(PerformanceAnalytics) ?VaR from the R prompt. See the examples at the bottom of the VaR documentation. Hopefully that will get you started. If you have trouble, you may email the R-SIG-Finance list or me with an example of what you're trying to do. Ideally, start with some publicly available data (use the edhec or managers data in Performanceanalytics, or use getSymbols to pull stock data from Yahoo or Google) so that others can replicate what you're trying to do and help you with code rather than vague suggestions. Regards, - Brian On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 13:47 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > Dear Brian, > Thanks for the mail, I have now located the PerformanceAnalytics. > Could you please elaborate on it how I could use this package, the > fact is that I am new to R, how i would like compute value at risk for > prices and volumes. If I can get a sample scripts with explanation > that would be very helpful to me to enable me build my own scripts. > Regards > Emma > > On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 1:21 PM, Brian G. Peterson > <[hidden email]> wrote: > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 12:38 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > Dear All, > > I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know > the package that > > is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that > is variance > > covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical > simulation. > > Regards > > Em > > > The Gaussian and Historical methods are available in > PerformanceAnalytics. > > You can easily use the Monte Carlo method of your choice to > create a > longer sample, and then use PerformanceAnalytics to calculate > the VaR. > > There are also several bootstrap Monte Carlo methods in > PerformanceAnalytics that have been contributed by Eric Zivot, > but which > we have not yet documented and exposed. > > Regards, > > - Brian > > -- > Brian G. Peterson > http://braverock.com/brian/ > Ph: 773-459-4973 > IM: bgpbraverock > >
... [show rest of quote]
-- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
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705 posts
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On Fri, 2011-05-20 at 21:08 +0530, Bogaso Christofer wrote:
> Hi, > > After Emmanuel's post in R-finance and the reply from Brian, I spent few > times on the VaR() function and on the underlying theory. Just to admit > that, this is great. However, I don't think I could understand the theory of > component VaR calculation, although it seems the coding within the VaR() > function for the same is completely okay. > > My problem is, how should I interpret component VaR? Having searched over > net and after going through few materials, I understand that, I can read > CVaR as the change of PVaR if underlying asset is removed from the > portfolio. Here my problem of interpretation starts from! Please consider > following hypothetical return (a zoo object, as needed for VaR()) > > > Ret > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 > Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > 2010-04-15 -0.0009783093 0.000000000 -0.003752350 -0.0006021985 > -0.012384059 -0.012539349 -0.034979719 > 2010-04-16 -0.0004805344 0.003863495 0.003752350 0.0009617784 > 0.003110422 0.003149609 0.003231021 > 2010-04-19 -0.0273642188 -0.010336009 -0.003752350 -0.0104916573 > -0.009360443 -0.009478744 -0.006472515 > 2010-04-20 0.0154788565 -0.002600782 -0.007547206 -0.0036357217 > -0.006289329 -0.006369448 0.006472515 > 2010-04-21 -0.0094613433 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.0005484261 > 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 > 2010-04-22 0.0062536421 0.000000000 0.003780723 -0.0001143766 > 0.009419222 0.009539023 0.006430890 > 2010-04-23 0.0237922090 0.015504187 0.007518832 0.0097156191 > 0.006230550 0.006309169 0.000000000 > 2010-04-26 0.0133441736 0.012739026 0.003738322 0.0049317586 > 0.018462063 0.018692133 0.012739026 > 2010-04-28 -0.0105522323 0.000000000 0.000000000 -0.0037038049 > -0.006116227 -0.006191970 0.000000000 > 2010-04-29 0.0030733546 -0.006349228 -0.011215071 -0.0071195792 > -0.003072199 -0.003110422 0.000000000 > > > I have a long-short portfolio, I want to estimate component VaR for the 2nd > asset, using VaR() function: > > > > WtVector <- c( -49895159, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, > -161147892, 13652772) > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = > "component", weights = WtVector) > $VaR > [,1] > [1,] 5434285 > $contribution > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > -316156.24 5211014.96 266249.91 -50021.42 260904.17 149986.52 -87692.49 > $pct_contrib_VaR > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 > Ret6 Ret7 > -0.058178070 0.958914480 0.048994465 -0.009204784 0.048010759 > 0.027600044 -0.016136894 > > This says (if my interpretation is correct) that if I remove my 1st asset > then, portfolio VaR will increase by -316156.24 (negative sign tells to have > hedging effect)
... [show rest of quote]
You're speaking of *marginal* VaR, not component VaR. Marginal (or Incremental) VaR is the contribution of that instrument to the VaR of the portfolio "at the margin" (this is how I keep them straight). Marginal VaR is not additive, it may add up to more than 100% of the total portfolio VaR. I find it to be a relatively poor risk measure overall, and generally don't recommend using it (there are some exceptions that are mentioned in the documentation for the VaR function). Your description describes Marginal VaR, not Component VaR. Component VaR is the *contribution* to the portfolio VaR of each component in the portfolio. It adds up to the value of the entire portfolio VaR. The value returned has three slots. $VaR # the portfolio VaR $contribution the scalar contributions of each instrument, this adds up to the portfolio VaR $pct_contribution_VaR the percentage contributions to VaR, this adds up to 1 negative numbers are diversifiers, *decreasing* the total portfolio VaR So, given that this is component VaR we're looking at, not marginal VaR, asset 1 is your *largest diversifier*. Removing it would be expected to increase the portfolio VaR, as you report below. Hopefully this clears things up... Regards, - Brian > So I recalculate the portfolio VaR without having 1st asset: > > WtVector <- c( 0, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, > -161147892, 13652772) > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = > "component", weights = WtVector) > $VaR > [,1] > [1,] 5849476 > $contribution > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > 0.00 5987199.26 274456.46 -55685.39 -185776.60 -106798.21 -63919.72 > $pct_contrib_VaR > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 > Ret6 Ret7 > 0.000000000 1.023544581 0.046919839 -0.009519723 -0.031759529 > -0.018257741 -0.010927428 > > I am just surprised to see that, my portfolio VaR indeed ***increased!!!*** > > I have found that, this kind of discrepancy comes as possible non-linear > relationship between VaR and it's constituent assets. It happens that x-y > plot for VaR and weight for the 1st asset is highly non-linear. sign of the > Slope changes if I move from current point (resemble to weight for 1st > asset) to origin (i.e. no 1st asset in the portfolio.) > > So My question is, how can I trust on the sign (at least) of component VaR. > Isn't it is giving completely misleading figure? How risk managers handle > these issue? Does the solution like: > 1. I should include higher term of the Taylor's expansion of the portfolio > VaR function > 2. Do not simply trust those component VaR figures. I should completely > re-estimate my VaR number with and without having underlying asset. > > Any thoughtful point(s) will be highly appreciated. > > Thanks and regards, > > -----Original Message----- > From: [hidden email] > [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Brian G. Peterson > Sent: 12 May 2011 17:28 > To: Emmanuel Senyo > Cc: [hidden email] > Subject: Re: [R-SIG-Finance] Value-at-risk > > There is over 100 pages of documentation available with > PerformanceAnalytics. > > I suggest you start with > > install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics") > #you only need to do the install the first time > > require(PerformanceAnalytics) > ?VaR > > from the R prompt. See the examples at the bottom of the VaR documentation. > > Hopefully that will get you started. If you have trouble, you may email the > R-SIG-Finance list or me with an example of what you're trying to do. > Ideally, start with some publicly available data (use the edhec or managers > data in Performanceanalytics, or use getSymbols to pull stock data from > Yahoo or Google) so that others can replicate what you're trying to do and > help you with code rather than vague suggestions. > > Regards, > > - Brian > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 13:47 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > Dear Brian, > > Thanks for the mail, I have now located the PerformanceAnalytics. > > Could you please elaborate on it how I could use this package, the > > fact is that I am new to R, how i would like compute value at risk for > > prices and volumes. If I can get a sample scripts with explanation > > that would be very helpful to me to enable me build my own scripts. > > Regards > > Emma > > > > On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 1:21 PM, Brian G. Peterson > > <[hidden email]> wrote: > > > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 12:38 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > > Dear All, > > > I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know > > the package that > > > is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that > > is variance > > > covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical > > simulation. > > > Regards > > > Em > > > > > > The Gaussian and Historical methods are available in > > PerformanceAnalytics. > > > > You can easily use the Monte Carlo method of your choice to > > create a > > longer sample, and then use PerformanceAnalytics to calculate > > the VaR. > > > > There are also several bootstrap Monte Carlo methods in > > PerformanceAnalytics that have been contributed by Eric Zivot, > > but which > > we have not yet documented and exposed. > > > > Regards, > > > > - Brian > > > > -- > > Brian G. Peterson > > http://braverock.com/brian/ > > Ph: 773-459-4973 > > IM: bgpbraverock > > > > > > -- > Brian G. Peterson > http://braverock.com/brian/ > Ph: 773-459-4973 > IM: bgpbraverock > > _______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions > should go. > > _______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go.
... [show rest of quote]
-- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
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184 posts
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Thanks Brian, for your mail:
On regard of the 1st asset your said: " Removing it would be expected to increase the portfolio VaR, as you report below " Therefore, if I consider 2nd asset, it has +ve sign. Therefore there is not diversification effect for this 2nd asset. Hence ** Removing it would be expected to "decrease" the portfolio VaR **. Right? However in reality I see different thing: > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = WtVector) $VaR [,1] [1,] 5434285 $contribution Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 -316156.24 5211014.96 266249.91 -50021.42 260904.17 149986.52 -87692.49 $pct_contrib_VaR Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 -0.058178070 0.958914480 0.048994465 -0.009204784 0.048010759 0.027600044 -0.016136894 > > WtVector1 <- WtVector; WtVector1[2] <- 0 ## I remove 2nd asset, therefore portfolio VaR is expected to decrease > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = WtVector1) $VaR [,1] [1,] 7340057 $contribution Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 868217.23 0.00 -260061.45 41235.95 4359025.20 2505891.43 -174251.63 $pct_contrib_VaR Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 0.118284812 0.000000000 -0.035430442 0.005617933 0.593868053 0.341399463 -0.023739820 With 2nd asset, port VaR is 5434285, and without 2nd asset port VaR is 7340057. How can it be justified? Here I plotted the relationship between port VaR with the 2nd asset weight: Mod_Wt <- seq(0, abs(WtVector[2]), by = 150000) VaRi <- vector(length = length(Mod_Wt)) for (i in 1:length(VaRi)) { Wt1 <- WtVector; Wt1[2] <- 1 * Mod_Wt[i] VaRi[i] <- VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.95, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = Wt1)$VaR } tail(Mod_Wt) tail(VaRi) plot(Mod_Wt, VaRi, type = "l") -----Original Message----- From: Brian G. Peterson [mailto:[hidden email]] Sent: 20 May 2011 21:07 To: Bogaso Christofer Cc: [hidden email] Subject: Re: [R-SIG-Finance] Value-at-risk On Fri, 2011-05-20 at 21:08 +0530, Bogaso Christofer wrote: > Hi, > > After Emmanuel's post in R-finance and the reply from Brian, I spent > few times on the VaR() function and on the underlying theory. Just to > admit that, this is great. However, I don't think I could understand > the theory of component VaR calculation, although it seems the coding > within the VaR() function for the same is completely okay. > > My problem is, how should I interpret component VaR? Having searched > over net and after going through few materials, I understand that, I > can read CVaR as the change of PVaR if underlying asset is removed > from the portfolio. Here my problem of interpretation starts from! > Please consider following hypothetical return (a zoo object, as needed > for VaR()) > > > Ret > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 > Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > 2010-04-15 -0.0009783093 0.000000000 -0.003752350 -0.0006021985 > -0.012384059 -0.012539349 -0.034979719 > 2010-04-16 -0.0004805344 0.003863495 0.003752350 0.0009617784 > 0.003110422 0.003149609 0.003231021 > 2010-04-19 -0.0273642188 -0.010336009 -0.003752350 -0.0104916573 > -0.009360443 -0.009478744 -0.006472515 > 2010-04-20 0.0154788565 -0.002600782 -0.007547206 -0.0036357217 > -0.006289329 -0.006369448 0.006472515 > 2010-04-21 -0.0094613433 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.0005484261 > 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 > 2010-04-22 0.0062536421 0.000000000 0.003780723 -0.0001143766 > 0.009419222 0.009539023 0.006430890 > 2010-04-23 0.0237922090 0.015504187 0.007518832 0.0097156191 > 0.006230550 0.006309169 0.000000000 > 2010-04-26 0.0133441736 0.012739026 0.003738322 0.0049317586 > 0.018462063 0.018692133 0.012739026 > 2010-04-28 -0.0105522323 0.000000000 0.000000000 -0.0037038049 > -0.006116227 -0.006191970 0.000000000 > 2010-04-29 0.0030733546 -0.006349228 -0.011215071 -0.0071195792 > -0.003072199 -0.003110422 0.000000000 > > > I have a long-short portfolio, I want to estimate component VaR for > the 2nd asset, using VaR() function: > > > > WtVector <- c( -49895159, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, > -161147892, 13652772) > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = > "component", weights = WtVector) > $VaR > [,1] > [1,] 5434285 > $contribution > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > -316156.24 5211014.96 266249.91 -50021.42 260904.17 149986.52 > -87692.49 $pct_contrib_VaR > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 > Ret6 Ret7 > -0.058178070 0.958914480 0.048994465 -0.009204784 0.048010759 > 0.027600044 -0.016136894 > > This says (if my interpretation is correct) that if I remove my 1st > asset then, portfolio VaR will increase by -316156.24 (negative sign > tells to have hedging effect)
... [show rest of quote]
You're speaking of *marginal* VaR, not component VaR. Marginal (or Incremental) VaR is the contribution of that instrument to the VaR of the portfolio "at the margin" (this is how I keep them straight). Marginal VaR is not additive, it may add up to more than 100% of the total portfolio VaR. I find it to be a relatively poor risk measure overall, and generally don't recommend using it (there are some exceptions that are mentioned in the documentation for the VaR function). Your description describes Marginal VaR, not Component VaR. Component VaR is the *contribution* to the portfolio VaR of each component in the portfolio. It adds up to the value of the entire portfolio VaR. The value returned has three slots. $VaR # the portfolio VaR $contribution the scalar contributions of each instrument, this adds up to the portfolio VaR $pct_contribution_VaR the percentage contributions to VaR, this adds up to 1 negative numbers are diversifiers, *decreasing* the total portfolio VaR So, given that this is component VaR we're looking at, not marginal VaR, asset 1 is your *largest diversifier*. Removing it would be expected to increase the portfolio VaR, as you report below. Hopefully this clears things up... Regards, - Brian > So I recalculate the portfolio VaR without having 1st asset: > > WtVector <- c( 0, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, > -161147892, 13652772) > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = > "component", weights = WtVector) > $VaR > [,1] > [1,] 5849476 > $contribution > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > 0.00 5987199.26 274456.46 -55685.39 -185776.60 -106798.21 > -63919.72 $pct_contrib_VaR > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 > Ret6 Ret7 > 0.000000000 1.023544581 0.046919839 -0.009519723 -0.031759529 > -0.018257741 -0.010927428 > > I am just surprised to see that, my portfolio VaR indeed > ***increased!!!*** > > I have found that, this kind of discrepancy comes as possible > non-linear relationship between VaR and it's constituent assets. It > happens that x-y plot for VaR and weight for the 1st asset is highly > non-linear. sign of the Slope changes if I move from current point > (resemble to weight for 1st > asset) to origin (i.e. no 1st asset in the portfolio.) > > So My question is, how can I trust on the sign (at least) of component VaR. > Isn't it is giving completely misleading figure? How risk managers > handle these issue? Does the solution like: > 1. I should include higher term of the Taylor's expansion of the > portfolio VaR function 2. Do not simply trust those component VaR > figures. I should completely re-estimate my VaR number with and > without having underlying asset. > > Any thoughtful point(s) will be highly appreciated. > > Thanks and regards, > > -----Original Message----- > From: [hidden email] > [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Brian G. > Peterson > Sent: 12 May 2011 17:28 > To: Emmanuel Senyo > Cc: [hidden email] > Subject: Re: [R-SIG-Finance] Value-at-risk > > There is over 100 pages of documentation available with > PerformanceAnalytics. > > I suggest you start with > > install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics") > #you only need to do the install the first time > > require(PerformanceAnalytics) > ?VaR > > from the R prompt. See the examples at the bottom of the VaR documentation. > > Hopefully that will get you started. If you have trouble, you may > email the R-SIG-Finance list or me with an example of what you're trying to do. > Ideally, start with some publicly available data (use the edhec or > managers data in Performanceanalytics, or use getSymbols to pull stock > data from Yahoo or Google) so that others can replicate what you're > trying to do and help you with code rather than vague suggestions. > > Regards, > > - Brian > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 13:47 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > Dear Brian, > > Thanks for the mail, I have now located the PerformanceAnalytics. > > Could you please elaborate on it how I could use this package, the > > fact is that I am new to R, how i would like compute value at risk > > for prices and volumes. If I can get a sample scripts with > > explanation that would be very helpful to me to enable me build my own scripts. > > Regards > > Emma > > > > On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 1:21 PM, Brian G. Peterson > > <[hidden email]> wrote: > > > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 12:38 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > > Dear All, > > > I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know > > the package that > > > is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that > > is variance > > > covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical > > simulation. > > > Regards > > > Em > > > > > > The Gaussian and Historical methods are available in > > PerformanceAnalytics. > > > > You can easily use the Monte Carlo method of your choice to > > create a > > longer sample, and then use PerformanceAnalytics to calculate > > the VaR. > > > > There are also several bootstrap Monte Carlo methods in > > PerformanceAnalytics that have been contributed by Eric Zivot, > > but which > > we have not yet documented and exposed. > > > > Regards, > > > > - Brian > > > > -- > > Brian G. Peterson > > http://braverock.com/brian/ > > Ph: 773-459-4973 > > IM: bgpbraverock > > > > > > -- > Brian G. Peterson > http://braverock.com/brian/ > Ph: 773-459-4973 > IM: bgpbraverock > > _______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R > questions should go. > > _______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go.
... [show rest of quote]
-- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
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705 posts
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You can't do what you're trying to do, in the way you are trying to do
it. Since your weights are obviously dollar weights, I assumed that you were trying to get the *entire* portfolio, knowing that these weights don't add up to 1. If you want to work in returns space, and be able to make apples to apples portfolio comparisons, then your weights should be a vector that adds up to 100% of your total capital. If you're really talking about taking a $734M position out of the portfolio, you're replacing it with something.... cash, spreading the money to other things, whatever... That position, in your example, is the largest position you have by far, and contributes 95% of the total portfolio risk. This shouldn't be entirely surprising, as it is three times the size of your biggest short position. If you're going to *rebalance* the portfolio and see what the new VaR is, you need to adjust more than just one weight. If you really want Marginal VaR, then use Marginal VaR. Please don't try to permute component VaR into something it is not. Regards, - Brian On Fri, 2011-05-20 at 21:52 +0530, Bogaso Christofer wrote: > Thanks Brian, for your mail: > > On regard of the 1st asset your said: " Removing it would be expected to increase the portfolio VaR, as you report below " > > Therefore, if I consider 2nd asset, it has +ve sign. Therefore there is not diversification effect for this 2nd asset. Hence ** Removing it would be expected to "decrease" the portfolio VaR **. Right? However in reality I see different thing: > > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = WtVector) > $VaR > [,1] > [1,] 5434285 > > $contribution > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > -316156.24 5211014.96 266249.91 -50021.42 260904.17 149986.52 -87692.49 > > $pct_contrib_VaR > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > -0.058178070 0.958914480 0.048994465 -0.009204784 0.048010759 0.027600044 -0.016136894 > > > > > WtVector1 <- WtVector; WtVector1[2] <- 0 ## I remove 2nd asset, therefore portfolio VaR is expected to decrease > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = WtVector1) > $VaR > [,1] > [1,] 7340057 > > $contribution > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > 868217.23 0.00 -260061.45 41235.95 4359025.20 2505891.43 -174251.63 > > $pct_contrib_VaR > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > 0.118284812 0.000000000 -0.035430442 0.005617933 0.593868053 0.341399463 -0.023739820 > > With 2nd asset, port VaR is 5434285, and without 2nd asset port VaR is 7340057. How can it be justified? > > Here I plotted the relationship between port VaR with the 2nd asset weight: > > Mod_Wt <- seq(0, abs(WtVector[2]), by = 150000) > VaRi <- vector(length = length(Mod_Wt)) > for (i in 1:length(VaRi)) { > Wt1 <- WtVector; Wt1[2] <- 1 * Mod_Wt[i] > VaRi[i] <- VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.95, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = "component", weights = Wt1)$VaR > } > tail(Mod_Wt) > tail(VaRi) > plot(Mod_Wt, VaRi, type = "l") > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Brian G. Peterson [mailto:[hidden email]] > Sent: 20 May 2011 21:07 > To: Bogaso Christofer > Cc: [hidden email] > Subject: Re: [R-SIG-Finance] Value-at-risk > > On Fri, 2011-05-20 at 21:08 +0530, Bogaso Christofer wrote: > > Hi, > > > > After Emmanuel's post in R-finance and the reply from Brian, I spent > > few times on the VaR() function and on the underlying theory. Just to > > admit that, this is great. However, I don't think I could understand > > the theory of component VaR calculation, although it seems the coding > > within the VaR() function for the same is completely okay. > > > > My problem is, how should I interpret component VaR? Having searched > > over net and after going through few materials, I understand that, I > > can read CVaR as the change of PVaR if underlying asset is removed > > from the portfolio. Here my problem of interpretation starts from! > > Please consider following hypothetical return (a zoo object, as needed > > for VaR()) > > > > > Ret > > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 > > Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > 2010-04-15 -0.0009783093 0.000000000 -0.003752350 -0.0006021985 > > -0.012384059 -0.012539349 -0.034979719 > > 2010-04-16 -0.0004805344 0.003863495 0.003752350 0.0009617784 > > 0.003110422 0.003149609 0.003231021 > > 2010-04-19 -0.0273642188 -0.010336009 -0.003752350 -0.0104916573 > > -0.009360443 -0.009478744 -0.006472515 > > 2010-04-20 0.0154788565 -0.002600782 -0.007547206 -0.0036357217 > > -0.006289329 -0.006369448 0.006472515 > > 2010-04-21 -0.0094613433 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.0005484261 > > 0.000000000 0.000000000 0.000000000 > > 2010-04-22 0.0062536421 0.000000000 0.003780723 -0.0001143766 > > 0.009419222 0.009539023 0.006430890 > > 2010-04-23 0.0237922090 0.015504187 0.007518832 0.0097156191 > > 0.006230550 0.006309169 0.000000000 > > 2010-04-26 0.0133441736 0.012739026 0.003738322 0.0049317586 > > 0.018462063 0.018692133 0.012739026 > > 2010-04-28 -0.0105522323 0.000000000 0.000000000 -0.0037038049 > > -0.006116227 -0.006191970 0.000000000 > > 2010-04-29 0.0030733546 -0.006349228 -0.011215071 -0.0071195792 > > -0.003072199 -0.003110422 0.000000000 > > > > > > I have a long-short portfolio, I want to estimate component VaR for > > the 2nd asset, using VaR() function: > > > > > > > WtVector <- c( -49895159, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, > > -161147892, 13652772) > > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = > > "component", weights = WtVector) > > $VaR > > [,1] > > [1,] 5434285 > > $contribution > > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > > > -316156.24 5211014.96 266249.91 -50021.42 260904.17 149986.52 > > -87692.49 $pct_contrib_VaR > > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 > > Ret6 Ret7 > > -0.058178070 0.958914480 0.048994465 -0.009204784 0.048010759 > > 0.027600044 -0.016136894 > > > > This says (if my interpretation is correct) that if I remove my 1st > > asset then, portfolio VaR will increase by -316156.24 (negative sign > > tells to have hedging effect) > > You're speaking of *marginal* VaR, not component VaR. > > Marginal (or Incremental) VaR is the contribution of that instrument to the VaR of the portfolio "at the margin" (this is how I keep them straight). Marginal VaR is not additive, it may add up to more than 100% of the total portfolio VaR. I find it to be a relatively poor risk measure overall, and generally don't recommend using it (there are some exceptions that are mentioned in the documentation for the VaR function). Your description describes Marginal VaR, not Component VaR. > > Component VaR is the *contribution* to the portfolio VaR of each component in the portfolio. It adds up to the value of the entire portfolio VaR. The value returned has three slots. > $VaR # the portfolio VaR > $contribution > the scalar contributions of each instrument, > this adds up to the portfolio VaR > $pct_contribution_VaR > the percentage contributions to VaR, > this adds up to 1 > negative numbers are diversifiers, *decreasing* > the total portfolio VaR > > So, given that this is component VaR we're looking at, not marginal VaR, asset 1 is your *largest diversifier*. Removing it would be expected to increase the portfolio VaR, as you report below. > > Hopefully this clears things up... > > Regards, > > - Brian > > > So I recalculate the portfolio VaR without having 1st asset: > > > WtVector <- c( 0, 734677735, 51037536, -7126937, -283834066, > > -161147892, 13652772) > > > VaR(R = Ret, p = 0.05, method = "gaussian", portfolio_method = > > "component", weights = WtVector) > > $VaR > > [,1] > > [1,] 5849476 > > $contribution > > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 Ret6 Ret7 > > > > 0.00 5987199.26 274456.46 -55685.39 -185776.60 -106798.21 > > -63919.72 $pct_contrib_VaR > > Ret1 Ret2 Ret3 Ret4 Ret5 > > Ret6 Ret7 > > 0.000000000 1.023544581 0.046919839 -0.009519723 -0.031759529 > > -0.018257741 -0.010927428 > > > > I am just surprised to see that, my portfolio VaR indeed > > ***increased!!!*** > > > > I have found that, this kind of discrepancy comes as possible > > non-linear relationship between VaR and it's constituent assets. It > > happens that x-y plot for VaR and weight for the 1st asset is highly > > non-linear. sign of the Slope changes if I move from current point > > (resemble to weight for 1st > > asset) to origin (i.e. no 1st asset in the portfolio.) > > > > So My question is, how can I trust on the sign (at least) of component VaR. > > Isn't it is giving completely misleading figure? How risk managers > > handle these issue? Does the solution like: > > 1. I should include higher term of the Taylor's expansion of the > > portfolio VaR function 2. Do not simply trust those component VaR > > figures. I should completely re-estimate my VaR number with and > > without having underlying asset. > > > > Any thoughtful point(s) will be highly appreciated. > > > > Thanks and regards, > > > > -----Original Message----- > > From: [hidden email] > > [mailto:[hidden email]] On Behalf Of Brian G. > > Peterson > > Sent: 12 May 2011 17:28 > > To: Emmanuel Senyo > > Cc: [hidden email] > > Subject: Re: [R-SIG-Finance] Value-at-risk > > > > There is over 100 pages of documentation available with > > PerformanceAnalytics. > > > > I suggest you start with > > > > install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics") > > #you only need to do the install the first time > > > > require(PerformanceAnalytics) > > ?VaR > > > > from the R prompt. See the examples at the bottom of the VaR documentation. > > > > Hopefully that will get you started. If you have trouble, you may > > email the R-SIG-Finance list or me with an example of what you're trying to do. > > Ideally, start with some publicly available data (use the edhec or > > managers data in Performanceanalytics, or use getSymbols to pull stock > > data from Yahoo or Google) so that others can replicate what you're > > trying to do and help you with code rather than vague suggestions. > > > > Regards, > > > > - Brian > > > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 13:47 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > > Dear Brian, > > > Thanks for the mail, I have now located the PerformanceAnalytics. > > > Could you please elaborate on it how I could use this package, the > > > fact is that I am new to R, how i would like compute value at risk > > > for prices and volumes. If I can get a sample scripts with > > > explanation that would be very helpful to me to enable me build my own scripts. > > > Regards > > > Emma > > > > > > On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 1:21 PM, Brian G. Peterson > > > <[hidden email]> wrote: > > > > > > On Thu, 2011-05-12 at 12:38 +0200, Emmanuel Senyo wrote: > > > > Dear All, > > > > I am currently work on Value-at-risk and would like to know > > > the package that > > > > is helpful in this regard. It consist of three method, that > > > is variance > > > > covariance method, Monte carlo simulation, and Historical > > > simulation. > > > > Regards > > > > Em > > > > > > > > > The Gaussian and Historical methods are available in > > > PerformanceAnalytics. > > > > > > You can easily use the Monte Carlo method of your choice to > > > create a > > > longer sample, and then use PerformanceAnalytics to calculate > > > the VaR. > > > > > > There are also several bootstrap Monte Carlo methods in > > > PerformanceAnalytics that have been contributed by Eric Zivot, > > > but which > > > we have not yet documented and exposed. > > > > > > Regards, > > > > > > - Brian > > > > > > -- > > > Brian G. Peterson > > > http://braverock.com/brian/ > > > Ph: 773-459-4973 > > > IM: bgpbraverock > > > > > > > > > > -- > > Brian G. Peterson > > http://braverock.com/brian/ > > Ph: 773-459-4973 > > IM: bgpbraverock > > > > _______________________________________________ > > [hidden email] mailing list > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R > > questions should go. > > > > _______________________________________________ > > [hidden email] mailing list > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. > > -- > Brian G. Peterson > http://braverock.com/brian/ > Ph: 773-459-4973 > IM: bgpbraverock > > _______________________________________________ > [hidden email] mailing list > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance > -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. > -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go.
... [show rest of quote]
-- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
3 posts
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I'm ok with the notions of component and marginal VaR but can't retrieve results from marginal.
First what is the PortfolioVaR with the portfolio_method="marginal" ? Except the sign, the 2 figures I get from these functions for PortfolioVaR are differents : VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="marginal") VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR Second -and it is maybe be related - how is the marginal VaR computed ? I tried the following but the result is different from the function (here it is the 5th marginal) : VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR-VaR(tsdata[,-5],method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR Many thanks for any helpful comment, PS : tsdata is any valid timeSeries. |
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705 posts
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On Sun, 2011-06-19 at 03:19 -0700, sadako wrote:
> I'm ok with the notions of component and marginal VaR but can't retrieve > results from marginal. > > First what is the PortfolioVaR with the portfolio_method="marginal" ? > Except the sign, the 2 figures I get from these functions for PortfolioVaR > are differents : > VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="marginal") > VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR Marginal and component VaR *are* different. So I'm not sure I understand what you're asking, entirely. Component VaR is a coherent risk measure per Artzner. The component risks will add up to the univariate VaR of the entire portfolio. The univariate portfolio VaR is given in the $VaR slot you reference in your code. The additive measures are available two different ways, in the $contribution slot (which will add up to the univariate portfolio VaR) and in the $pct_contrib_VaR slot which will add up to 1(100%) > Second -and it is maybe be related - how is the marginal VaR computed ? Marginal VaR is the difference between the univariate portfolio VaR of a a portfolio with the instrument in question and the VaR of the portfolio without that instrument. It is not guaranteed to add up to anything. Frankly, I think it is a useless measure *unless* you are comparing two otherwise similar instruments for inclusion in a portfolio, and want to see which of those two instruments would add less risk to the portfolio "at the margin". > I tried the following but the result is different from the function (here it > is the 5th marginal) : > > VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR-VaR(tsdata[,-5],method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR Component VaR and marginal VaR aren't interchangeable, as described above, and as described in the documentation. simple subtraction doesn't work, because the portfolio (capital) needs to be redistributed. The weighting factor is weightfactor = sum(weightingvector)/sum(t(weightingvector)[, -column]) you can see the code with: PerformanceAnalytics:::VaR.Marginal > Many thanks for any helpful comment, I hope this helps, - Brian -- Brian G. Peterson http://braverock.com/brian/ Ph: 773-459-4973 IM: bgpbraverock _______________________________________________ [hidden email] mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-finance -- Subscriber-posting only. If you want to post, subscribe first. -- Also note that this is not the r-help list where general R questions should go. |
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3 posts
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Actually I didn't mean to compare marginal and component : I just use the portfolio_method="component" to get the univariate VaR of the portfolio ($VaR slot). I have the same number using calculation like qnorm(0.95,0,1)*sqrt(t(wghts)%*%var(tsdata)%*%wghts)-t(wghts)%*%colMeans(tsdata). I would have expect to have the same number for this univariate portfolio VaR in the "PortfolioVaR" column of VaR(...,portfolio_method="marginal"), - all other parameters being equal - but this is not the case. Both should represent the univariate portfolio VaR aren't they ? Nota : here again I just use the $VaR slot of component to get access to the univariate VaR of portfolio. I think I got the weight factor right implicitly since I don't set any special weights vectors : the VaR functions sets these weights equally in both members of my equation. Assume I'm working with 5 assets : - the univariate VaR of the portfolio : VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR is computed with default weights=c(0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.2) - the VaR of the portfolio without the asset 5 : VaR(tsdata[,-5],method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR is computed with equally-weighted default weights=c(0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25). These are indeed the weights of the 5-assets portfolio taking into account the weight factor of sum(weightingvector)/sum(t(weightingvector)[, -5])=1.25 So with no weight specification, the stricto-sensu calculation : VaR(tsdata,method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR-VaR(tsdata[,-columnAsset],method="gaussian",portfolio_method="component")$VaR should work or this is non-sense ? I'm having a look, maybe the difference stems from the application of Return.portfolio in the marginal case... It did, thank you very much Brian ! |
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I think we don't get the same univariate portfolio VaR with the two portfolio_method "marginal" and "component" because of : - in PerformanceAnalytics:::VaR.Marginal, the Return.portfolio are calculated without the optional argument geometric (geometric=FALSE would eventually match the stdev I compute). - in PerformanceAnalytics:::VaR.Marginal, when calling the portfolio_method="single" to compute the univariate portfolio VaR, we end up in the PerformanceAnalytics:::VaR.Gaussian function. This function uses the PerformanceAnalytics:::centeredmoment function, which uses the mean function. This does not give the same variance as stdev for instance since there's not the ajustement of the estimator (division by n-1 instead of n if data set has n observations). If we set m2 = centeredmoment(r, 2)*dim(r)[1]/(dim(r)[1]-1), it looks ok. With these two modifications, I have the impression the univariate portfolio VaR computed from portfolio_method="marginal" and portfolio_method="component" are consistant. |
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